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ARTISTS ONE YEAR LATER: Survey of 9/11's Economic Impact on Individual Artists in NYC |
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ARTISTS ONE YEAR LATER: Survey of 9/11's Economic Impact on Individual Artists in NYC |
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This portion of our report is under construction. To receive a more useable version of this section, please request the full report in .PDF form by return email. For this, you may call Jonathan Slaff, project coordinator, at (212) 924-0496 or email js@jsnyc.com.
CONTENTS:
SOME NOTES ABOUT THE DATA PORTION OF THIS REPORT
Our data are available for further perusal on an individual basis to responsible parties who want to study a particular area in greater depth. To fulfill our pledge of confidentiality to the respondents, their personal information will be removed.
Since there were no required fields, the number of respondents differs with each question.
We have calculated a breakdown of respondents for nearly each question in the survey. It is the percentage of actual answers. For example, in a "yes" or "no" question, if there were 150 "no" answers out of a total of 600 responses, then the breakdown of respondents is given as NO-25% and YES-75%.
Each field is also reported with a response ratio, which compares the number of artists answering that question to the total number of respondents in the survey, 705. For example, if 600 out of the entire sample of 705 answered a particular question, the response rate was 600 divided by 705, or 85%.
For simplicity’s sake, most percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.
In many instances, respondents answered questions in a totally unexpected manner. Some respondents chose to reply in notes or "other" fields rather than answer multiple choice questions. Out of respect for the respondents’ perception that their answers did not exactly fit the question, we have not tried to force-fit their answers back into the data. The impact on the percentage findings would have been trivial and it would also have deprived us of deeper understanding of the complexity of the issues. The comments are also a source of colorful and articulate writing. We recommend that every reader take the time to read them for a fuller understanding of individual problems and needs of this group.
Questions are generally written as they appeared on the survey. Since many are follow-up questions to earlier questions, for accurate context of the question, please refer to the original survey which can be viewed at <http://www.downtown-nyc.org/survey.htm>.
ANALYSIS BY DATABASE FIELDS
All responses were between August 6, 2002 – August 26, 2002
This field was used to eliminate non-artists as a master sort.
There were a total of 776 responses, which was reduced to 705 after 56 were identified as duplicates and 15 were found to be non-artists.
Duplicates were mostly identified by sorting. Indicators included repeated names, repeated addresses and matching entries which were received one after the other (signifying that the participant had clicked the "send" button twice). For additional certainty, random fields were sorted and the resulting tables were checked for repeating data.
Identifying non-artists was more subjective. This question asked, "Are you an artist, craftsperson, or technician engaged in the arts/entertainment related industries of NYC?" If a respondent indicated "No" to this question, the entry was double-checked to see if the answer was a mistake. This was indicated either by the respondent claiming one or more artistic discipline(s) or referring to artistic work in his comments. An entry was usually considered from a non-artist if the respondent did not claim at least one artistic discipline. No non-artists received written surveys; therefore no hard-copy forms received by August 26th were disqualified.
3 - Your Residence/Living Space Pre 9/11
This field contained street addresses in text format. Zip codes were used for geographic analysis.
4 - Residence Zip Pre 9/11
|
Residence Zip Pre 9/11 |
Total |
|
02903 |
1 |
|
03063 |
1 |
|
06897 |
1 |
|
07003 |
1 |
|
07024 |
2 |
|
07030 |
1 |
|
07041 |
1 |
|
07042 |
1 |
|
07047 |
1 |
|
07052 |
1 |
|
07083 |
1 |
|
07086 |
2 |
|
07093 |
4 |
|
07110 |
1 |
|
07302 |
4 |
|
07304 |
1 |
|
07310 |
1 |
|
07410 |
2 |
|
07605 |
1 |
|
07621 |
1 |
|
07670 |
1 |
|
07675 |
1 |
|
08034 |
1 |
|
08648 |
1 |
|
10001 |
7 |
|
10002 |
2 |
|
10003 |
29 |
|
10004 |
3 |
|
10005 |
1 |
|
10006 |
7 |
|
10007 |
17 |
|
10009 |
27 |
|
10010 |
5 |
|
10011 |
23 |
|
10012 |
25 |
|
10013 |
49 |
|
10014 |
23 |
|
10016 |
7 |
|
10017 |
2 |
|
10018 |
3 |
|
10019 |
10 |
|
10021 |
9 |
|
10022 |
1 |
|
10023 |
21 |
|
10024 |
16 |
|
10025 |
34 |
|
10026 |
3 |
|
10027 |
6 |
|
10028 |
6 |
|
10029 |
4 |
|
10030 |
1 |
|
10031 |
3 |
|
10033 |
10 |
|
10034 |
10 |
|
10036 |
20 |
|
10038 |
16 |
|
10039 |
3 |
|
10040 |
4 |
|
10049 |
2 |
|
10108 |
1 |
|
10128 |
4 |
|
10280 |
7 |
|
10282 |
4 |
|
10301 |
4 |
|
10303 |
1 |
|
10304 |
2 |
|
10312 |
1 |
|
10461 |
1 |
|
10463 |
1 |
|
10469 |
1 |
|
10470 |
1 |
|
10471 |
2 |
|
10475 |
2 |
|
10530 |
1 |
|
10590 |
2 |
|
10591 |
1 |
|
10704 |
1 |
|
10708 |
1 |
|
10821 |
1 |
|
10930 |
1 |
|
11101 |
1 |
|
11102 |
5 |
|
11103 |
3 |
|
11104 |
1 |
|
11105 |
6 |
|
11106 |
5 |
|
11109 |
1 |
|
11123 |
1 |
|
11160 |
1 |
|
11201 |
14 |
|
11205 |
6 |
|
11206 |
4 |
|
11209 |
1 |
|
11210 |
1 |
|
11211 |
28 |
|
11215 |
21 |
|
11217 |
13 |
|
11218 |
3 |
|
11219 |
1 |
|
11222 |
7 |
|
11225 |
2 |
|
11229 |
1 |
|
11230 |
6 |
|
11231 |
11 |
|
11232 |
1 |
|
11233 |
2 |
|
11234 |
1 |
|
11238 |
13 |
|
11354 |
1 |
|
11361 |
1 |
|
11372 |
1 |
|
11373 |
2 |
|
11374 |
1 |
|
11375 |
3 |
|
11379 |
1 |
|
11385 |
1 |
|
11560 |
1 |
|
11709 |
1 |
|
11743 |
1 |
|
11791 |
1 |
|
11803 |
1 |
|
11934 |
1 |
|
12308 |
1 |
|
12414 |
1 |
|
12498 |
1 |
|
12553 |
1 |
|
12565 |
1 |
|
12589 |
1 |
|
14456 |
1 |
|
19002 |
1 |
|
19118 |
1 |
|
44109 |
1 |
|
44515 |
1 |
|
90012 |
1 |
|
90048 |
1 |
|
91505 |
1 |
|
99362 |
1 |
|
/N |
16 |
|
Grand Total |
705 |
5 - Your Residence/Living Space Post 9/11
This field contains street addresses in text format. Zip codes were used for geographic analysis.
6 - Your Residence/Living Space Zip Post 9/11
|
Residence Zip Post 9/11 |
Total |
|
01205 |
1 |
|
01844 |
1 |
|
02478 |
1 |
|
02905 |
1 |
|
03886 |
1 |
|
06830 |
1 |
|
06897 |
1 |
|
07024 |
1 |
|
07042 |
1 |
|
07047 |
1 |
|
07052 |
2 |
|
07083 |
1 |
|
07086 |
4 |
|
07093 |
3 |
|
07110 |
1 |
|
07261 |
1 |
|
07302 |
3 |
|
07304 |
1 |
|
07310 |
1 |
|
07605 |
1 |
|
07670 |
1 |
|
07675 |
1 |
|
08034 |
1 |
|
10001 |
5 |
|
10002 |
12 |
|
10003 |
17 |
|
10004 |
2 |
|
10006 |
4 |
|
10007 |
10 |
|
10009 |
15 |
|
10010 |
3 |
|
10011 |
21 |
|
10012 |
20 |
|
10013 |
37 |
|
10014 |
16 |
|
10016 |
4 |
|
10017 |
2 |
|
10018 |
3 |
|
10019 |
6 |
|
10021 |
6 |
|
10022 |
1 |
|
10023 |
13 |
|
10024 |
7 |
|
10025 |
19 |
|
10026 |
2 |
|
10027 |
1 |
|
10028 |
7 |
|
10029 |
2 |
|
10031 |
2 |
|
10032 |
2 |
|
10033 |
8 |
|
10034 |
6 |
|
10036 |
12 |
|
10038 |
10 |
|
10039 |
2 |
|
10040 |
1 |
|
10108 |
1 |
|
10128 |
4 |
|
10280 |
4 |
|
10282 |
2 |
|
10301 |
4 |
|
10461 |
1 |
|
10463 |
1 |
|
10471 |
1 |
|
10475 |
1 |
|
10590 |
1 |
|
10930 |
1 |
|
11101 |
1 |
|
11102 |
1 |
|
11103 |
2 |
|
11104 |
1 |
|
11105 |
5 |
|
11106 |
3 |
|
11109 |
1 |
|
11201 |
14 |
|
11205 |
1 |
|
11206 |
4 |
|
11209 |
1 |
|
11211 |
21 |
|
11215 |
14 |
|
11217 |
9 |
|
11218 |
4 |
|
11219 |
1 |
|
11222 |
4 |
|
11225 |
1 |
|
11226 |
1 |
|
11230 |
5 |
|
11231 |
13 |
|
11232 |
1 |
|
11233 |
1 |
|
11234 |
1 |
|
11237 |
1 |
|
11238 |
8 |
|
11345 |
1 |
|
11354 |
1 |
|
11361 |
1 |
|
11372 |
1 |
|
11373 |
1 |
|
11375 |
1 |
|
11423 |
1 |
|
11435 |
1 |
|
11560 |
1 |
|
11566 |
1 |
|
11709 |
1 |
|
11722 |
1 |
|
11934 |
1 |
|
12308 |
1 |
|
12422 |
1 |
|
12498 |
1 |
|
12565 |
1 |
|
12589 |
1 |
|
14456 |
1 |
|
18301 |
1 |
|
19118 |
1 |
|
19932 |
1 |
|
20011 |
1 |
|
20021 |
1 |
|
24521 |
1 |
|
28028 |
1 |
|
33141 |
1 |
|
37215 |
1 |
|
44515 |
1 |
|
60657 |
1 |
|
70116 |
1 |
|
75010 |
2 |
|
77024 |
1 |
|
83702 |
1 |
|
90046 |
1 |
|
92647 |
1 |
|
94613 |
1 |
|
97218 |
1 |
|
No Answer |
191 |
|
"n/a" |
1 |
|
N16 7RS |
1 |
|
same |
23 |
|
Grand Total |
705 |
For reasons we cannot explain, more people gave their location post 9/11.
7 - If different, was your change of residence disaster-related?
NO: 105 (66%) YES: 53 (34%)
NO ANSWER-547 RESPONSE RATE-25%
8 - Your Workspace/Studio Pre 9/11
This field contains street addresses, which may be useful for later reference. Zip codes were used for geographic analysis.
9 - Your Workspace/Studio Zip Pre 9/11
|
Zone (Pre 9/11) |
Total |
Percentage |
|
Manhattan |
305 |
66.59% |
|
Brooklyn |
83 |
20.70% |
|
Bronx |
0 |
0.00% |
|
Queens |
8 |
2.52% |
|
Staten Island |
5 |
1.61% |
|
Multi-boroughs |
44 |
14.43% |
|
Outside NYC |
13 |
4.98% |
Response Rate: 65%
10 - Did/do you work at home? Pre9/11
NO-179 (29%) YES-431 (71%)
NO ANSWER-95 RESPONSE RATE-87%
11 - Your Workspace/Studio Post 9/11
This field contains street addresses, which may be useful for later reference. Zip codes were used for geographic analysis.
12 - Your Workspace/Studio location, Post 9/11
|
Zone (Post 9/11) |
Total |
Percentage |
|
Manhattan |
222 |
60.99% |
|
Brooklyn |
69 |
18.96% |
|
Bronx |
0 |
0.00% |
|
Queens |
9 |
2.47% |
|
Staten Island |
5 |
1.37% |
|
Multi-boroughs |
35 |
9.62% |
|
Outside NYC |
24 |
6.59% |
Response Rate: 52%
13 - Did/do you work at home? Post 9/11
NO-136 (28%) YES-350 (72%)
NO ANSWER-219 RESPONSE RATE-69%
14 - If different, was your change of workspace disaster-related
NO-65 (50%) YES-65 (50%)
NO ANSWER-575 RESPONSE RATE-18%
15-31 - What is your artistic discipline (indicate all that apply)
The following tables reflect two ways of sorting our respondents according to the artistic disciplines they indicated.
|
15 –31 BREAKDOWN BY ARTISTIC DISCIPLINE - 1 |
||
|
ARTISTIC SECTOR |
COUNT |
PERCENT OF SAMPLE |
|
Multidisciplinary |
391 |
55.46 |
|
Photography only |
113 |
16.03 |
|
Music only |
103 |
14.61 |
|
Visual Art only |
95 |
13.48 |
|
Theater only |
33 |
4.68 |
|
Literature/Publishing only |
28 |
3.98 |
|
Film/Video only |
13 |
1.84 |
|
Dance only |
11 |
1.56 |
|
Computer/Digital Media only |
2 |
0.28 |
|
Performance Art only |
0 |
0 |
|
Other |
9 |
1.28 |
|
TOTAL |
705 |
|
NOTE: On the above table, the majority of respondents (55.46%) who indicated more than one discipline on their surveys were categorized as multidisciplinary. However, it is important to note that many of the listed disciplines could be categorized under the same discipline (e.g. a respondent who entered photography, film/video and visual art could likely be a visual artist who works with the media of photography, film and/or video.) The respondents who checked off only one discipline are listed under that specific discipline.
|
15 –31 BREAKDOWN BY ARTISTIC DISCIPLINE - 2 |
||
|
ARTISTIC SECTOR |
COUNT |
PERCENT OF SAMPLE (705) |
|
Theater |
257 |
36% |
|
Music |
240 |
34% |
|
Visual Art |
232 |
33% |
|
Film/Video |
208 |
30% |
|
Computer/Digital Media |
145 |
21% |
|
Literature/Publishing |
119 |
17% |
|
Photography |
113 |
16% |
|
Performance Art |
94 |
13% |
|
Dance |
81 |
11% |
|
TOTAL |
1489 |
|
NOTE: Here, respondents who checked off more than one discipline are counted in every discipline they selected. Therefore the total percentages add up to greater than 100% of the sample of 705. We do not consider the relative size of these segments as reflective of the relative size of these industry segments in New York. Rather, they simply reflect the cross-section of artists who were reachable by us in this time period.
BREAKDOWN BY ARTISTIC DISCIPLINE AND FUNCTION:
NOTE: Again, respondents who checked off more than one discipline or function within a discipline are counted in each of the disciplines or functions they selected. Therefore the total percentages add up to greater than 100% of the sample of 705. We do not consider the relative size of these segments as reflective of the relative size of these industry segments in New York. Rather, they simply reflect the cross section of artists who were reachable by us in this time period.
32 - Artistic Discipline - Other
Rather than offering new information, this field was frequently used to elaborate on a multiple-choice selection. Often the information provided did not describe an artistic discipline but rather an occupation, artistic or not (e.g. secretary, bartender, etc.). The following entries represent categories of artistic disciplines that were not specified by the multiple-choice answers.
· Marketing service for performing artists
· Consulting with non-profit arts organizations
· Arts administration
· Arts in education
· Journalism
· Craft artisans
· Circus performer
· Fashion/designer
· Food stylist
· Jewelry design
· Restoration of rare books
33 - Are you a member of a union or guild?
NO-304 (45%) YES-371 (55%)
NO ANSWER-30 RESPONSE RATE-96%
34 - Which ones?
Generally, respondents claimed membership in more than one of these organizations. This table is a tabulation of all the memberships claimed.
|
UNION |
COUNT |
% of responses |
|
American Federation of Musicians (AFM) |
125 |
22% |
|
Screen Actors Guild (SAG) |
121 |
21% |
|
Actors' Equity Association (AEA) |
114 |
20% |
|
American Federation of TV and Radio Artists (AFTRA) |
75 |
13% |
|
Dramatists Guild |
15 |
3% |
|
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) |
10 |
2% |
|
National Writers Union |
9 |
2% |
|
American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) |
7 |
1% |
|
Writers Guild of America East, Inc. (WGA) |
7 |
1% |
|
American Guild of Variety Artists (AVMA) |
5 |
1% |
|
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) |
5 |
1% |
|
Graphics Artist Guild |
4 |
1% |
|
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE) |
4 |
1% |
|
Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers (SSDC) |
4 |
1% |
|
Author's Guild |
3 |
1% |
|
UFT |
3 |
1% |
|
United Scenic Artists |
3 |
1% |
|
ASMP |
2 |
0% |
|
Avant Guild through mediabistro.com |
2 |
0% |
|
Directors Guild of America, Inc. (DGA) |
2 |
0% |
|
Editorial Freelancers Association |
2 |
0% |
|
Dance Theatre Workshop |
3 |
0% |
|
AMRA |
1 |
0% |
|
American Institute of Graphic artists |
1 |
0% |
|
American Society of Journalists and Actors |
1 |
0% |
|
Association of Independent Video & Filmmakers |
3 |
0% |
|
Attack |
1 |
0% |
|
Cinewomen-NY |
1 |
0% |
|
DGI |
1 |
0% |
|
Hotel Trade LOCAL 5 |
1 |
0% |
|
IBEW |
1 |
0% |
|
IDA |
1 |
0% |
|
International Head Tuners Association |
1 |
0% |
|
IWWG |
1 |
0% |
|
Local 1666 |
1 |
0% |
|
MA State Teachers Union |
1 |
0% |
|
Motor Cycle Club of America |
1 |
0% |
|
MPE |
1 |
0% |
|
NABET |
1 |
0% |
|
National Association of Recording Arts & Science (NARAS) |
1 |
0% |
|
National Book Critics Circle |
1 |
0% |
|
NEA |
1 |
0% |
|
Newspaper Guild |
1 |
0% |
|
NWU |
1 |
0% |
|
Poets and Writers |
1 |
0% |
|
Professional Staff Congress |
1 |
0% |
|
SDCF |
1 |
0% |
|
Society for Children’s Books Writers and Illustrators |
1 |
0% |
|
Still Photographers Union Local 600 |
1 |
0% |
|
Teachers Union |
1 |
0% |
|
The International Women’s Writers Guild |
1 |
0% |
|
The PEN American Center |
2 |
0% |
|
Transit Workers Union (TWU) |
1 |
0% |
|
UAW |
1 |
0% |
|
USFSB |
1 |
0% |
|
Ushers Union |
1 |
0% |
|
TOTAL |
563 |
100% |
As a result of 9/11 and its aftermath, did you (check all that apply):
35 - Become unemployed?
YES-153 (22%) RESPONSE RATE - 22%
NO ANSWER-552
36 - Lose sales/income?
YES-466 (66%) RESPONSE RATE - 66%
NO ANSWER-239
37 - Lose Business Opportunities or Independent Contractor Jobs?
YES-483 (69%) RESPONSE RATE - 69%
NO ANSWER-222
38 - Lose hours on the job?
YES-280 (40%) RESPONSE RATE - 40%
NO ANSWER-425
39 - Did you suffer one-time business losses as a result of 9/11 and its aftermath? This could be from canceled contracts, loss of equipment or materials, uncollectable accounts, etc.
NO-230 (38%) YES-377 (62%)
NO ANSWER-98 RESPONSE RATE - 86%
Work profile continues on next page.
It is common in reporting on this disaster to have a mixed sample in which a few parties report huge losses and the rest of the parties cluster at the other end of the axis. Such samples are highly skewed and do not lend themselves to averaging.
We rejected data which appeared with values of less than $100 (there were 240 entries like this). We believe they were the result of a programming error by which the system did not recognize the correct decimal or that people misunderstood the form and believed they were entering thousands. We considered the balance of the sample, with only 146 respondents, to be valid.
Count of records 146
Sum 675362.000
Mean 4625.767
Median 2000.000
Standard deviation 7464.699
Minimum 100.000
Maximum 50000.000
Skewness 3.883
5th percentile 107.500
95th percentile 13750.000
Test of mean>=5400 versus one-tailed alternative
Hypothesized mean 5400.000
Sample mean 4625.767
Std error of mean 617.783
Degrees of freedom 145
t-test statistic -1.253
p-value 0.106
The sample mean value of $4,626 was rejected by p-value tests, so we had to re-set our hypothesis until an acceptable hypothetical p-value was met at $5,400. We feel that $5,400 is the best statistical "fit" for this question. Please note that there were several entries of losses above $14,000 and the maximum reported was $50,000. These are grouped in the histogram above in the category of >$14,000 because the skewness of the data was already high.
We hope this will be re-measured in subsequent studies.
41 - Are you experiencing an ongoing reduction in your aggregate work-related income due to 9/11 and its aftermath? This could be from reduced wages or hours, cutbacks, reduced commissions or residuals earned, an overall reduction in bookings, etc.
NO-122 (18%) YES-547 (82%)
NO ANSWER-36 RESPONSE RATE-95%
42 - If Yes, by what percentage is your total work related income down?
The survey asked respondents to estimate the percentage of work related income they lost since 9/11. The chart compares the percentage of loss (X axis) to the number of number of respondents reporting it (Y axis).
We rejected data which appeared with values of 9.99; these were caused by a programming error that was later fixed. We considered the balance of the sample as valid with 493 respondents. The "best fit" was determined to be the normal distribution.
NOTE: Respondents who claimed over 100% loss of income were those who incurred debts.
|
Count |
493.000 |
|
Sum |
22895.200 |
|
Mean |
46.441 |
|
Median |
50.000 |
|
Standard deviation |
27.433 |
|
Minimum |
0.000 |
|
Maximum |
150.000 |
|
Skewness |
0.380 |
CONCLUSION: The data are normally distributed, indicating an "average" loss of total work related income of 46%.
In the following questions, respondents were asked to itemize the source(s) of the losses they cited due to 9/11 and its aftermath. Three tables were offered, to facilitate accurate answers from artists with multiple sources of income.
Please select an industry from the list below to describe the source(s) of the losses you cited due to 9/11 and its aftermath:
43 - Source(s) of the losses you cited due to 9/11 and its aftermath, Primary Source of Income:
RESPONSE RATE-82%
44 - Other: Cite your primary source of income lost due to 9/11 and its aftermath
There were 43 respondents who answered "other." This field was often used inappropriately to elaborate on their answers for question 43. The following selected responses represent industries that either did not fit into the multiple-choice categories or that represent specialized sub-categories.
45 - Location of the work you lost as a result of 9/11 and its aftermath (Primary Source of Income)
("Other"
refers primarily to work outside New York)
46 - Employee or Self-employed/ Independent contractor (Primary Source of Income)?
Employee-165 (26%) Self Employed/Independent Contractor-459 (74%)
NO ANSWER-81 RESPONSE RATE-89%
47 - Full Time or Part Time (Primary Source of Income)?
Full-333 (55%) Part-267 (45%)
NO ANSWER-105